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Was sind FAIR Data und warum sollten Sie auf FAIRe Daten achtenWhat are FAIR data and why should you care?


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Daten müssen findable, also auffindbar sein. Dies ist Grundvoraussetzung für die spätere Nachnutzung der Daten. Das bedeutet, dass Daten und ihre beschreibenden Metadaten von Mensch und Maschine leicht auffindbar sein müssen. Dies wird zum einen durch genauer beschreibende Metadaten (z.B. Titel, Autor, Inhaltsangabe, Methodenbeschreibung) gewährleistet, als auch durch die Vergabe von Persistent Identifiers (PIDs), wie beispielsweise dem Digital Object Identifier (DOI). Durch die Vergabe von Identifikatoren bleiben die Daten dauerhaft auffindbar, da sie unabhängig von URL-Änderungen gültig bleibenData need to be findable. This is a prerequisite for further use and re-use of data. That means data and their respective metadata have to be easily findable both by man and machine. To fullfil this goal, the use of metadata such as for example title, author, index, description of methods, and the application of persistent identifiers (PIDs) like digital object identifier (DOI) is required. The usage of identifiers helps to keep data permanently findable as they are independent from URL changes.


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Es genügt allerdings nicht, wenn Daten auffindbar sind, sie müssen auch accessible, sprich zugänglich sein. Das bedeutet, dass Daten in Langzeitspeichern archiviert sind und über technische Standardprotokolle wie https. verfügbar gemacht werden können. Zugänglichkeit ist allerdings nicht mit Open Access gleichzusetzen. Es müssen aber Informationen vorhanden sein, wie die Daten zugänglich sind, z.B. durch Angabe der Kontaktinformationen des Autors. It is not enough, however, to render data findable. They also need to be accessible. That means data are archived in long-term storages and are accessible through technical standard protocolls such as https. Importantly, accessibility is not identical with open access, though information need to exist, in which way data are accessible, for example by stating contact information of the author.


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Interoperable , also Interoperabilität, bezeichnet, dass Daten über verschiedene Applikationen und Systeme hinweg austauschbar sein müssen. Offene Dateiformate unterstützen dieses Bestreben. Zusätzlich sollen die Daten mit Daten aus dem selben oder einem anderen Forschungsfeld kombinierbar und integrierbar sein. Metadaten-Standards, Standard-Ontologien, ein festgelegtes Vokabular sowie eine sinnvolle Verlinkung zwischen Daten und zugehörigen Digital Research Objects tragen zur Vereinheitlichung beimeans that data need to be interchangeable using different applications and systems. Open data formats support this goal. In addition, it should be possible to combine  and integrate data with other data from the same or even another research area. Metadata standards, standard ontologies, a set vocabulary and a meaningful link between data and their respective digital research object support unification.


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Zu guter Letzt sollen Daten reusable, nämlich wiederverwendbar sein. Voraussetzung für eine hohe Nachnutzbarkeit und Wiederverwendbarkeit ist eine umfassende Dokumentation der Daten und ihres Entstehungsprozesses entsprechend der fachgebietsrelevanten Standards. Zudem muss eine eindeutige Lizenz die Bedingungen der Nachnutzung eindeutig kenntlich machenLast but not least, data need to be  reusable. A prerequisite for sufficient reusability and recyclability is a comprehensive documentation of the data and their creation process following research area specific standards. Additionally, a licence needs to signifiy the terms and conditions for reusability.